ineentho/fastlane-docker is a Docker image that comes with both fastlane and the apple iTMSTransporter preinstalled. That makes most fastlane features available, including uploading compiled iOS apps (.ipa's) from a linux container.
This is accomplished by using an older version of iTMSTransporter found in the windows installer. Read more about the challenges of uploading iOS apps on linux here at fastlane#14256.
The buildt image is available as ineentho/fastlane-docker.