Add linkage1 package

change_notes/2026-01-15-a3-1-4-extern-to-full.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+- `A3-1-4` - `ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar.ql`:
+   - `ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize.ql` has been renamed to `ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar.ql` to reflect shared query implementation. Additionally the query previously only detected explicit uses of `extern` to determine external linkage, and now would catch other cases that are possible where it is external linkage and an array is declared without an explicit size.

cpp/autosar/src/rules/A3-1-4/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * @id cpp/autosar/external-linkage-array-without-explicit-size-autosar
+ * @name A3-1-4: When an array with external linkage is declared, its size shall be stated explicitly
+ * @description A developer can more safely access the elements of an array if the size of the array
+ *              can be explicitly determined.
+ * @kind problem
+ * @precision very-high
+ * @problem.severity warning
+ * @tags external/autosar/id/a3-1-4
+ *       correctness
+ *       external/autosar/allocated-target/design
+ *       external/autosar/allocated-target/implementation
+ *       external/autosar/enforcement/automated
+ *       external/autosar/obligation/required
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import codingstandards.cpp.autosar
+import codingstandards.cpp.rules.externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize.ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize
+
+class ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery extends ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeSharedQuery
+{
+  ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery() {
+    this = ScopePackage::externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery()
+  }
+}

cpp/autosar/src/rules/A3-3-1/ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile.ql

@@ -17,25 +17,11 @@
 
 import cpp
 import codingstandards.cpp.autosar
-import codingstandards.cpp.Linkage
-import codingstandards.cpp.EncapsulatingFunctions
+import codingstandards.cpp.rules.externallinkagenotdeclaredinheaderfile.ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile
 
-from DeclarationEntry de, string kind
-where
-  not isExcluded(de, IncludesPackage::externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileQuery()) and
-  hasExternalLinkage(de.getDeclaration()) and
-  // Exclude subobjects such as struct members or member functions
-  de.getDeclaration().isTopLevel() and
-  // The declaration with external linkage does not have a declaration in a header file
-  exists(Compilation c | de.getFile() = c.getAFileCompiled()) and
-  not exists(DeclarationEntry otherDe |
-    de.getDeclaration() = otherDe.getDeclaration() and
-    not de = otherDe and
-    not otherDe.isDefinition()
-  |
-    otherDe.getFile() instanceof HeaderFile
-  ) and
-  // Main functions are an exception to the rule
-  not de.getDeclaration() instanceof MainFunction and
-  if de.getDeclaration() instanceof Function then kind = "function" else kind = "object"
-select de, "Externally linked " + kind + " '" + de.getName() + "' not declared in header file."
+class ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileQuery extends ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileSharedQuery
+{
+  ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileQuery() {
+    this = IncludesPackage::externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileQuery()
+  }
+}

cpp/autosar/test/rules/A3-1-4/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar.testref

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cpp/common/test/rules/externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize.ql

cpp/autosar/test/rules/A3-3-1/ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile.testref

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cpp/common/test/rules/externallinkagenotdeclaredinheaderfile/ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile.ql

cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/exclusions/cpp/Linkage1.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//** THIS FILE IS AUTOGENERATED, DO NOT MODIFY DIRECTLY.  **/
+import cpp
+import RuleMetadata
+import codingstandards.cpp.exclusions.RuleMetadata
+
+newtype Linkage1Query =
+  TExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery() or
+  TExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery()
+
+predicate isLinkage1QueryMetadata(Query query, string queryId, string ruleId, string category) {
+  query =
+    // `Query` instance for the `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisra` query
+    Linkage1Package::externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery() and
+  queryId =
+    // `@id` for the `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisra` query
+    "cpp/misra/external-linkage-array-without-explicit-size-misra" and
+  ruleId = "RULE-6-0-2" and
+  category = "advisory"
+  or
+  query =
+    // `Query` instance for the `externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisra` query
+    Linkage1Package::externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery() and
+  queryId =
+    // `@id` for the `externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisra` query
+    "cpp/misra/external-linkage-not-declared-in-header-file-misra" and
+  ruleId = "RULE-6-5-1" and
+  category = "advisory"
+}
+
+module Linkage1Package {
+  Query externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery() {
+    //autogenerate `Query` type
+    result =
+      // `Query` type for `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisra` query
+      TQueryCPP(TLinkage1PackageQuery(TExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery()))
+  }
+
+  Query externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery() {
+    //autogenerate `Query` type
+    result =
+      // `Query` type for `externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisra` query
+      TQueryCPP(TLinkage1PackageQuery(TExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery()))
+  }
+}

cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/exclusions/cpp/RuleMetadata.qll

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import IntegerConversion
 import Invariants
 import Iterators
 import Lambdas
+import Linkage1
 import Literals
 import Loops
 import Macros
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ newtype TCPPQuery =
   TInvariantsPackageQuery(InvariantsQuery q) or
   TIteratorsPackageQuery(IteratorsQuery q) or
   TLambdasPackageQuery(LambdasQuery q) or
+  TLinkage1PackageQuery(Linkage1Query q) or
   TLiteralsPackageQuery(LiteralsQuery q) or
   TLoopsPackageQuery(LoopsQuery q) or
   TMacrosPackageQuery(MacrosQuery q) or
@@ -158,6 +160,7 @@ predicate isQueryMetadata(Query query, string queryId, string ruleId, string cat
   isInvariantsQueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or
   isIteratorsQueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or
   isLambdasQueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or
+  isLinkage1QueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or
   isLiteralsQueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or
   isLoopsQueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or
   isMacrosQueryMetadata(query, queryId, ruleId, category) or

cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/exclusions/cpp/Scope.qll

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import codingstandards.cpp.exclusions.RuleMetadata
 
 newtype ScopeQuery =
   TNonStandardEntitiesInStandardNamespacesQuery() or
-  TExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeQuery() or
+  TExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery() or
   THiddenInheritedNonOverridableMemberFunctionQuery() or
   THiddenInheritedOverridableMemberFunctionQuery() or
   TDefinitionNotConsideredForUnqualifiedLookupQuery() or
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ predicate isScopeQueryMetadata(Query query, string queryId, string ruleId, strin
   category = "required"
   or
   query =
-    // `Query` instance for the `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize` query
-    ScopePackage::externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeQuery() and
+    // `Query` instance for the `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar` query
+    ScopePackage::externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery() and
   queryId =
-    // `@id` for the `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize` query
-    "cpp/autosar/external-linkage-array-without-explicit-size" and
+    // `@id` for the `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar` query
+    "cpp/autosar/external-linkage-array-without-explicit-size-autosar" and
   ruleId = "A3-1-4" and
   category = "required"
   or
@@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ module ScopePackage {
       TQueryCPP(TScopePackageQuery(TNonStandardEntitiesInStandardNamespacesQuery()))
   }
 
-  Query externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeQuery() {
+  Query externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery() {
     //autogenerate `Query` type
     result =
-      // `Query` type for `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize` query
-      TQueryCPP(TScopePackageQuery(TExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeQuery()))
+      // `Query` type for `externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosar` query
+      TQueryCPP(TScopePackageQuery(TExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeAutosarQuery()))
   }
 
   Query hiddenInheritedNonOverridableMemberFunctionQuery() {

cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/rules/externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * Provides a library with a `problems` predicate for the following issue:
+ * Introducing a function or object with external linkage outside of a header file can
+ * cause developer confusion about its translation unit access semantics.
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import codingstandards.cpp.Customizations
+import codingstandards.cpp.Exclusions
+import codingstandards.cpp.Linkage
+
+abstract class ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeSharedQuery extends Query { }
+
+Query getQuery() { result instanceof ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeSharedQuery }
+
+query predicate problems(DeclarationEntry declEntry, string message) {
+  exists(Variable v, ArrayType arrayType |
+    not isExcluded(declEntry, getQuery()) and
+    message =
+      "The declared array '" + declEntry.getName() +
+        "' with external linkage doesn't specify the size explicitly." and
+    hasExternalLinkage(v) and
+    not arrayType.hasArraySize() and
+    // Holds is if declEntry is an array variable declaration (not a definition)
+    v.getADeclarationEntry() = declEntry and
+    not declEntry.isDefinition() and
+    arrayType = v.getType().stripTopLevelSpecifiers()
+  )
+}

cpp/common/src/codingstandards/cpp/rules/externallinkagenotdeclaredinheaderfile/ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Provides a library with a `problems` predicate for the following issue:
+ * Using objects or functions with external linkage in implementation files makes code
+ * harder to understand.
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import codingstandards.cpp.Customizations
+import codingstandards.cpp.Exclusions
+import codingstandards.cpp.Linkage
+import codingstandards.cpp.EncapsulatingFunctions
+
+abstract class ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileSharedQuery extends Query { }
+
+Query getQuery() { result instanceof ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileSharedQuery }
+
+query predicate problems(DeclarationEntry de, string message) {
+  not isExcluded(de, getQuery()) and
+  hasExternalLinkage(de.getDeclaration()) and
+  // Exclude subobjects such as struct members or member functions
+  de.getDeclaration().isTopLevel() and
+  // The declaration with external linkage does not have a declaration in a header file
+  exists(Compilation c | de.getFile() = c.getAFileCompiled()) and
+  not exists(DeclarationEntry otherDe |
+    de.getDeclaration() = otherDe.getDeclaration() and
+    not de = otherDe and
+    not otherDe.isDefinition()
+  |
+    otherDe.getFile() instanceof HeaderFile
+  ) and
+  // Main functions are an exception to the rule
+  not de.getDeclaration() instanceof MainFunction and
+  if de.getDeclaration() instanceof Function
+  then message = "Externally linked function '" + de.getName() + "' not declared in header file."
+  else message = "Externally linked object '" + de.getName() + "' not declared in header file."
+}

cpp/common/test/rules/externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize.expected

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| test.cpp:19:14:19:15 | declaration of e1 | The declared array 'e1' with external linkage doesn't specify the size explicitly. |

cpp/common/test/rules/externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT MODIFY
+import codingstandards.cpp.rules.externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize.ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize
+
+class TestFileQuery extends ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeSharedQuery, TestQuery { }

cpp/common/test/rules/externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize/test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#define TEST 1
+
+// globals - external linkage
+int a[1]; // COMPLIANT
+int x = 1;
+// int a1[1 + x];  // NON_COMPLIANT - compiler checked
+// int a2[x];      //NON_COMPLIANT - compiler checked
+// int a3[1][x];   // NON_COMPLIANT - compiler checked
+int a4[] = {1}; // COMPLIANT - size explicitly provided
+// int a5[];       // NON_COMPLIANT - compiler checked
+int a6[1 + 1]; // COMPLIANT - size explicitly provided
+// int a7[x][1];   // NON_COMPLIANT - compiler checked
+// int (*a8)[x];   // NON_COMPLIANT - compiler checked
+
+void f(int n) {
+  int a1[] = {1}; // COMPLIANT - not external linkage
+  int a2[1];      // COMPLIANT - not external linkage
+
+  extern int e1[]; // NON_COMPLIANT
+}
+
+struct s {
+  // Structs must have at least one non-flexible array member.
+  int foo;
+
+  // static data members have external linkage - but not currently detected in
+  // our external linkage lib - also FAMs are not in scope for this rule
+  static const int flexibleArrayMember[]; // COMPLIANT
+};

cpp/common/test/rules/externallinkagenotdeclaredinheaderfile/ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT MODIFY
+import codingstandards.cpp.rules.externallinkagenotdeclaredinheaderfile.ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile
+
+class TestFileQuery extends ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileSharedQuery, TestQuery { }

cpp/misra/src/rules/RULE-6-0-2/ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisra.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * @id cpp/misra/external-linkage-array-without-explicit-size-misra
+ * @name RULE-6-0-2: Arrays with external linkage declared without explicit size shall not be used
+ * @description Declaring an array with external linkage without its size being explicitly specified
+ *              can disallow consistency and range checks on the array size and usage.
+ * @kind problem
+ * @precision very-high
+ * @problem.severity warning
+ * @tags external/misra/id/rule-6-0-2
+ *       maintainability
+ *       readability
+ *       scope/single-translation-unit
+ *       external/misra/enforcement/decidable
+ *       external/misra/obligation/advisory
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import codingstandards.cpp.misra
+import codingstandards.cpp.rules.externallinkagearraywithoutexplicitsize.ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSize
+
+class ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery extends ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeSharedQuery
+{
+  ExternalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery() {
+    this = Linkage1Package::externalLinkageArrayWithoutExplicitSizeMisraQuery()
+  }
+}

cpp/misra/src/rules/RULE-6-5-1/ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisra.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * @id cpp/misra/external-linkage-not-declared-in-header-file-misra
+ * @name RULE-6-5-1: Objects or functions with external linkage shall be declared in a header file
+ * @description Using objects or functions with external linkage in implementation files makes code
+ *              harder to understand.
+ * @kind problem
+ * @precision very-high
+ * @problem.severity warning
+ * @tags external/misra/id/rule-6-5-1
+ *       correctness
+ *       maintainability
+ *       readability
+ *       scope/single-translation-unit
+ *       external/misra/enforcement/decidable
+ *       external/misra/obligation/advisory
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import codingstandards.cpp.misra
+import codingstandards.cpp.rules.externallinkagenotdeclaredinheaderfile.ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFile
+
+class ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery extends ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileSharedQuery
+{
+  ExternalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery() {
+    this = Linkage1Package::externalLinkageNotDeclaredInHeaderFileMisraQuery()
+  }
+}