Models upscaled with StrataTrapper

Repository: github.com/ImperialCollegeLondon/StrataTrapper-models

• Contents
• Endurance models
• East Mey models
• PFLOTRAN-OGS reservoir simulations
• Docker image
• References

Contents

• endurance/ Folder with Endurance CCS site sector models in PFLOTRAN-OGS input format
• east-mey/ East Mey CCS site models
• Dockerfile Docker image with clean installation of PFLOTRAN-OGS-1.8

Endurance models

Endurance CCS site sector model in PFLOTRAN-OGS's input deck format. In endurance/ directory:

1. one-well-base.in
2. one-well-upsc.in
3. four-wells-base.in
4. four-wells-upsc.in

one-/four- stands for the number of injection wells in the model. -base stands for reference viscous-limit upscaling with zero capillary pressure. -upsc stands for capillary-limit upscaling conducted by StrataTrapper toolkit.

In detail, specifications can be found in preprint [2].

East Mey models

The East Mey models in this repository are based on a model developed by the ACT consortium (Accelerating CCS Technologies). Our work is based on that model, as opposed to later versions of the East Mey model that might exist outside of the public domain.

East Mey CCS site model in PFLOTRAN-OGS's input deck format. In east-mey/ directory:

1. 1-base.in
2. 1-base-pc.in
3. 1-upsc.in
4. 2-base.in
5. 2-base-pc.in
6. 2-upsc.in

• 1-/2- stands for two particular well placements and respective injection scenarios.
• -base stands for base coarse dynamic model (directly based on ACT's developments).
• -base-pc stands for the -base model with added capillary pressure model.
• -upsc stands for capillary-limit upscaling conducted by StrataTrapper toolkit.

PFLOTRAN-OGS reservoir simulations

To run the supplied models, PFLOTRAN-OGS-1.8 installed on Ubuntu 22.04 is required. A dedicated Docker image can be used instead, which is covered in the next section.

For a model folder <model_folder> containing .in files:

0. Unarchive large files with characteristic curves chc[xyz].data from chc[xyz].zip located at <model_folder>/include/.

1. Go to a model directory. Using the command line from repository root:

   cd <model_folder>

2. Start a simulation using the run.sh shell script

   bash ./run.sh <model_name> [number_of_processes]

   • <model_name> is an input file name with .in omitted
   • [number_of_processes] is optional. It is responsible for MPI-based parallelization and equals 4 by default.

   Examples:

   cd endurance
   # runs with 8 parallel processes
   bash ./run.sh one-well-base 8
   # runs with 4 parallel processes
   bash ./run.sh four-wells-upsc

   Currently, memory demand per process is significantly higher for upscaled models. Thus, it's preferable to use fewer processes for -upsc models, expecting slightly higher computation times.

3. Visualize simulation results using ResInsight or equivalents.

   Viscous-limit upscaling	Upscaled with StrataTrapper

Docker image

To avoid manual installation of PFLOTRAN-OGS, we provide a Docker image described by the Dockerfile. Once Docker is installed and Docker engine is running:

1. Build the image using command from docker-build.txt

   docker build --progress=plain --platform linux/amd64 -t pflotran-ogs .

2. Run a container from the built image using command from docker-run.txt

   docker run -it pflotran-ogs

References

1. StrataTrapper: upscaling toolkit
2. The Impact of Capillary Heterogeneity on CO2 plume migration at the Endurance CO2 storage Site in the UK
3. Small-Scale Capillary Heterogeneity Linked to Rapid Plume Migration During CO2 Storage
4. Endurance models in ECLIPSE format